This page concentrates on bench and rebate planes.
There are some dating notes on Woden block planes at the
end and more detailed information is incorporated in the
page describing those planes.
If
you have read the brief history of Woden Tools or any of the sections
on patterns of Woden planes, you will have noted the switch of
production from Wednesbury to Sheffield after the Record takeover of Woden Tools Ltd., in 1961.
Re-capping, the
original Woden (WW) period is from early 1954 until April 1961, at
Wednesbury, and the Record Woden (RW) period
is from April 1961 until the end of production, around mid 1965, at Sheffield. This applies to all Woden planes and is the starting point
for dating an example.
When dating planes,
especially bench planes, it is usual to concentrate on the main parts -
bodies, frogs and lever caps. Other smaller
parts, including cutters, are user replaceable and could distort the dating process if not original to the tool.
With
WW planes, accurate dating is not easy as they were only in production
for about seven years and the main parts show very little
difference size for size.
Fortunately, many Woden bench planes
retain their little-used original cutters which were marked in a
specific way. Hence it has also
been possible to use cutters to assist with dating as
three different types have been identified within the seven year period.
Even then,
some overlap in date ranges must be allowed for.
Bodies and frogs can be dated approximately by the marks underneath the handle and face frames respectively.
WW lever caps appear to be consistent throughout production, apart from a batch of both sizes with rounded lower edges, made
between about mid 1954 to1957. It has also been noted that
some very early 2-inch lever caps are slightly shorter (by 2mm) than
later
ones and have an indistinct flat about 7 mm wide on the
inside lower edge, similar to that found on the 2-3/8 inch size.
These parts were
fitted to early planes which also have slightly thinner body sides and
frogs with a single lower pane face frame.
On
mid production and later frogs with 7/32 inch (5.5 mm.) marks, the
right hand orifice for the frog screw is lower than the left.
Other pointers include plane packaging, instructions and tool dealer prices, if marked. The price marks can assist in confirming a date
range despite the lack of inflation in the 1950’s and 1960’s.
RW planes are a little easier, even though Sheffield production only lasted for about 4 years. This is because of almost continuous
changes implemented by Record, following the takeover of Woden Tools Ltd.
In the U.K., most
RW planes have been found to comprise a mixture of original
Steel Nut and Record specified parts. In this study,
these planes are referred to as ‘changeover’ planes and such examples will date to c.1961/62.
Later RW planes have been found to be rarer in the United
Kingdom (see history) and fully RW specified planes will date from
late1962
to the end of production, around mid 1965.
|
IMG 0605
2-3/8 inch lever cap with rounded bottom corners.
c. mid 1954 to 1957, this uncommon pattern appeared on both
sizes of lever cap.
Note the indistinct 'rib' across the bottom at the rear,
also found on very early 2 inch lever caps (see above).
Other factors such as military marks, boxes, penciled prices compared to price lists and Woden plane instructions (WPI), have assisted
in confirming these dating periods. Early and mid dated planes were packed in L1 boxes and later planes in L2 boxes
(see packaging below). The first planes fitted with the type
3 new improved cutter (NIC) had a small black & white label affixed
to the box.
These labels have been found on both L1 and L2 boxes. L2 boxed planes may also be found with NIC but no sticker.
This could be because NIC was then standard production and therefore these planes will be later production.
Here are some other notes which may assist::-
Plane bodies:
The
body side and base thickness did vary slightly within sizes, varying
from about 2.5 to 3.1 mm for a W4, up to 3.5 to 4 mm for the
larger planes. Some
early examples of W4’s and late example W5’s have been noted with the
thinnest sides. Casting marks on bench
planes can be found
underneath the handle. Apart from the mark “1” which has several
variations, all other numbers are 7/32 inches
(5.5 mm) in height and consistent for the same number. Where “QC” is found in addition to the number, these are later production from
around 1957 to 1961. According to the Woden catalogues, all parts were made at the factory. It is probably that all early bodies were
cast at the Wednesbury foundry, changing to an outside supplier from late 1955 onwards.
Frogs:
Dating pointers may be found on the face frames of Woden ‘Ogee’ frogs.
Early
W4 frogs had a single lower face frame, which changed to two frames
from about mid 1955 onwards. 2 inch frogs on W5 planes
and all 2-3/8 inch plane frogs to date have been found with two lower face frames. Early frogs of all sizes from 1954 to mid 1955, had a
single mark 5/32 inches (4 mm) in height in the upper right
hand frame. These frogs were probably cast at Wednesbury.
From 1955 to1957, this single mark increased in size to 7/32
inches (5.5 mm) for 2 inch frogs. From about 1957 to the end of
production,
the letter “Q” was included in the upper left hand face
frame in addition to the right hand number mark. Mid and late 2 inch
frogs have
the same features and probably came from an external
supplier. To date, all 2-3/8 inch frogs have the smaller (5/32" or 4mm.)
marks and
none have been found with “Q”. This suggests that all 2-3/8 inch frogs were from the first batch cast at Wednesbury.
Lever caps:
All lever caps, irrespective of plane size, have single 5/32 inch (4 mm) marks on the reverse lower section.
Early 2 inch lever caps had an inside measurement (shoulder
to tip) of 48 mm (1954/55), increasing to 50 mm for 1955/57.
Early 2 inch lever caps also had an indistinct flat across
the lower inside edge, similar to 2-3/8 inch parts. All 2-3/8 inch lever
caps
were about 2 mm longer than the larger (mid production) 2
inch, so do not show any dating apart from the actual plating. Like the
bodies
and frogs, early 2 inch lever caps were probably cast
at Wednesbury, changing to an outside supplier from late 1955.
Like the frogs, it appears that all 2-3/8 inch lever caps were from the first batch cast at Wednesbury.
It has been noticed that early lever caps had poor chrome plating and were subject to corrosion and poor chrome retention.
From around 1956/57, the plating process was improved and
later lever caps have a much better chrome finish without corrosion.
Cutters:
Very
early planes had cutters with sharp top edge corners, exactly the same
as the cap iron top profile and similar to most other
plane makers in the early 1950's. These cutters had no
surface finish or protective lacquer. They were very susceptible to
corrosion and
the printed trademark could easily become obliterated over time. These early cutters are designated as Type 1.
Later cutters, from c.mid 1954, had the top edge corners slightly rounded over. These cutters had an improved bright finish with a
protective clear lacquer coating and much improved resistance to corrosion. These cutters are designated as Type 2.
A
third cutter had the same finish as type 2, but was much thicker, up to
about 2.5mm. These were known as “New Improved Cutters"
(NIC’s) and a white sticker was sometimes attached to the
plane box to show their inclusion. These cutters are designated as Type
3.
Ex-
works, Type 3 cutters were 7-1/2 inches long (190 mm.), with about 1-7/8
inches (50 mm.) from ground cutting edge to the lever cap
screw slot, giving about 1-3/4 inches (45 mm.) of usable cutter.
Small parts:
Some
differences in small parts have been identified. It is likely that
these differences are not significant but have been included should
they be found on more examples:-
- The frog screw washers on some of the earlier and larger planes had chamfered top edges.
- Frog clip screws on later planes had a chamfered end, like a set screw (a finished end rather than a cut off the screw end as
- on earlier planes).
- On later depth adjustment wheels, the three fluted flats were slightly wider than earlier wheels but as the overall dimensions
- were the same, the gaps between these flats were narrower.
In summary, the following factors are considered to be the most significant:-
1954/55:
- Bodies without “QC” or “Q” marks;
- W4’s with single lower pane frogs;
- 2 inch frogs with small (4mm) marks;
- 2 inch lever caps with inside lower flat or rounded bottom edges;
- Type 1 or type 2 cutters;
- Supported by L1 boxes, type 1 or 2 Woden plane instructions and a price in agreement with the price list table.
1955/57
- Bodies without “QC” marks;
- 2 inch frogs with 2 lower panes, without “Q” marks but with single 5.5 mm marks;
- 2 inch lever caps without inside bottom flat, with or without rounded bottom edges;
- Type 1 or type 2 cutters;
- Supported by L1 boxes, type 2 or 3 Woden plane instructions and a price in agreement with the price list table.
1957/61
- Bodies including “Q” or “QC” marks;
- Frogs with “Q” marks and 5.5 mm. marks;
- 2 inch lever caps without inside bottom flat and square corners;
- Type 2 or type 3/NIC cutters;
- Supported by L1 or L2 boxes with or without NIC lable, type 3 or 4 Woden plane instructions and price in agreement with the table.
|
For RW planes, there are two periods:-
1. 1961/62 (changeover) and
2. 1962/65.
‘Changeover’
planes are identified by being constructed of a mixture of
original Woden and Record parts. At the time of the
Record takeover, part made Wednesbury planes were completed at
Sheffield. Original Woden bodies, frogs, and lever caps may be
found on these planes, together with small parts, for example
lateral levers, found on Record planes. The greater number of Wednesbury
parts, the earlier the date. The more Record parts found, the later the date.
These ‘changeover’ planes were packed in L2 labeled black boxes
until the latter were used up. The most common original WW part
in these planes is the lever cap. These seem to have
lasted the longest into Sheffield production, but they did need
modification by
Record to accommodate the Record lever cap screw.
There
were problems for Record in changing over to their own parts in that
the screw threads of original Woden and Record planes were
different. Woden used mainly BSF screws, but Record used historic Stanley and BSW threads. So, for example, Record could not use
its own pre-drilled and tapped depth adjusting wheel on Woden frogs unless the screw was changed. Consequently, there are some
unusual depth wheels on RW changeover planes that are not common to either Record or later Woden planes.
Whilst
it is not possible at this time to give all the options which may be
found on 1961/62 RW planes, all the examples seen so far
have the following features:-
- “WODEN” and “No xx” cast marked on either a WW or Record shaped body:
- Either WW or RW specified frog;
- Woden type 4 tungsten vanadium cutter, with stamped marks;
- Either WW original or RW modified lever cap;
- Either WW or Record wood parts with the original Woden transfer slide affixed to the handle;
- Either WW or Record specified depth adjustment wheel with appropriate screw or
- Unusual pattern of depth adjustment wheel with WW screw.
|
IMG 0606
Record Woden type 4 double iron
with stamped marks, c.1961/65
|
IMG 0607
Unusual pattern of depth adjuster on RW changeover plane,
military marked 1962.
Also note Record frog clip and screw.
|
Later (1962/65) RW planes have all Record specified parts. A full description is included in the bench plane section, but to summarise,
late RW planes had:-
- A Record body shape with just “No 4” in front of, or behind the knob and no ‘WODEN’ cast mark;
- A Record type frog having a thicker USA UNF thread depth adjustment screw;
- Record unmarked adjustment wheel;
- Record 3-piece lateral adjustment lever with a bottom fixing rivet;
-
A lever cap with either a Woden cast mark with a red or orange
background on the front or simply a Woden transfer slide at the top;
- A Woden type 4 cutter with a Record cap iron forming the double iron;
- Record wood parts with Woden transfer slide on the handle top;
- Record small parts – cheese headed frog screws, straight frog clip with round headed screw and Record BSW threaded double
- ended studs for the handle and knob.
These planes were packed in L2 or L3 boxes and had fully Record Woden printed instructions.
Here are some further notes on RW bench planes, in summary:-
Plane bodies:
Planes assembled by Woden Tools Sheffield either had the original WW body (1961) or the Record type body
(mid to late 1961 onwards), described in the Record Woden bench plane section.
On sizes 4 and 4-1/2, the Record bodies are most easily
identified by the chamfered heel end of the casting and rounded and
painted
side tops. On larger planes, the high transverse rib in front of the cutter mouth is prominent.
Frogs:
The
main difference between the RW frog and the earlier WW is the lower
rear suface where the clip for the frog adjusting screw is fitted.
This is angled backwards with a straight clip, whereas the WW
frog is near vertical with an angled frog clip. It has also been noted
that
2-3/8 inch frogs with 4mm cast marks were consistent throughout
production and also carried over to Sheffield and used in
‘changeover planes’. It is likely that these were original
Wednesbury production and too many were made such that, unlike 2 inch
frogs,
no external supply was needed. to meet further demand.
Lever caps:
A surplus of WW lever caps were transferred to Sheffield after the takeover (from April 1961).
These were fitted to Woden planes during 1961/62. They were modified to have a larger orifice for the Record specified lever cap screw.
The Record specified lever cap with a rib along the inside
lower edge was used on Woden planes from about 1962 onwards.
Cutters:
Most RW plane examples have the stamp marked type 4 cutter described above.
Small parts:
1962 to the end of production, around 1965, marked the complete change to Record specified parts for Woden planes.
From 1962 onwards, ‘changeover’ and RW planes are fitted with a
number of variations in small parts. Generally, Woden and Record
planes used the same small parts. One notable exception was an unusual depth adjusting wheel, not yet seen on any Record plane.
This coarse fluted brass wheel could have been sourced locally
by Record to fit the ¼ bsf WW screw on WW frogs, until this latter part
was expended. Although some un-marked Record wheels were machined for the narrower WW thread, the standard Record wheel had
a thicker and coarser thread and could not be used until the matching Record screw was fitted to later frogs.
|